常见品质问题根因对策表Common Quality Issue Root Cause and Countermeasure Sheet

把车间高频品质问题（尺寸偏差、外观不良、装配不良、功能异常）的常见根因方向与对策汇总成表，并配 5Why 追问模板，帮助改善小组在分析时先有假设、再去验证，而不是从零开始头脑风暴。Common root-cause directions and countermeasures for frequent shop-floor quality issues - dimensional deviation, appearance defects, assembly defects and functional anomalies - collected into one table, plus a 5Why questioning template that gives improvement teams hypotheses to verify instead of brainstorming from zero.

模板包含什么What is inside

说明Instructions
根因对策表Root Cause Countermeasures
5Why 模板5Why Template

解决什么问题What it solves

四类高频问题的常见根因方向Root cause directions for four categories of frequent issues
对策按短期围堵与长期根治分开Countermeasures separated into short-term containment and long-term root fixes
5Why 模板带追问句式，避免停在表面5Why template with guiding questions to avoid stopping at the surface
适合质量工程师与 8D 改善小组For quality engineers and 8D improvement teams

配套文章：把这个模板用对Related reading

8D 问题解决法：从临时围堵到根因关闭，再把经验存进失效库8D Problem Solving: From Temporary Containment to Root-Cause Closure — and into the Failure Library

8D 不是填表，而是一套环环相扣的证据链。本文按 D1-D8 逐步拆解每一步的交付物与常见错误，并说明如何用失效库把问题经验沉淀为组织资产。8D is not form-filling; it is a chain of interlocking evidence. This article breaks down D1-D8 step by step, covering the deliverables and common mistakes at each stage, and explains how a failure library turns problem-solving experience into an organizational asset.

同类模板More templates

M02

注塑件 PFMEA 分析案例Injection-Molded Part PFMEA Case Study

一份可直接对照的注塑件 PFMEA 完整案例：从结构分析、功能分析到失效分析逐层展开，失效原因追到工艺参数层面，并附七步法自查与 AP 判定规则，解决「知道要做 PFMEA，但不知道写成什么样才算合格」的问题。A complete, directly comparable PFMEA case for injection-molded parts: from structure analysis and function analysis through to failure analysis, with failure causes traced down to process parameters, plus a seven-step self-check and AP rating rules - solving the problem of knowing a PFMEA is required but not knowing what a qualified one looks like.

4 个工作表 · .xlsx 查看并下载

M03

焊接工序 PFMEA 案例Welding Process PFMEA Case Study

面向汽车车身与底盘焊接工序的 PFMEA 案例表，把虚焊、焊穿、气孔、变形等典型失效按「后果—原因—现行控制」拆开，失效原因落到电流、电压、焊接时间、夹具定位等可调参数上，可直接作为车间编写 PFMEA 的参照底稿。A PFMEA case form for automotive body and chassis welding stations, breaking typical failures such as weak welding, burn-through, porosity and deformation down into effect, cause and current control. Failure causes are traced to adjustable parameters like current, voltage, weld time and fixture positioning, so it works directly as a reference draft for shop-floor PFMEA.

2 个工作表 · .xlsx 查看并下载

M04

涂装工序 PFMEA 案例Painting Process PFMEA Case Study

涂装工序链长、变量多，常常写成「漆面不好看」这类空话。这份案例把起泡脱落、颗粒异物、流挂、色差、桔皮五类典型失效逐一拆解，原因追到前处理、喷涂参数、烘烤曲线，是涂装车间做 PFMEA 的实战参照。Painting lines are long and rich in variables, so PFMEA easily degrades into remarks that the paint simply does not look good. This case breaks five typical failures - blistering and peeling, foreign particles, sagging, color difference and orange peel - into root causes down to pretreatment, spraying parameters and baking curves, making it a practical reference for painting PFMEA.