DFMEA 七种失效类别速查表DFMEA Seven Failure Categories Quick Reference

DFMEA 写不出失效，往往是因为脑子里只有「坏了」一种想象。这份速查表把设计失效归纳为七类（功能丧失、功能退化、间歇性失效、部分功能、非预期功能、过功能、迟滞功能等），每类配典型例子与提问句式，帮助设计团队把失效想全。DFMEA often fails to produce failure modes because teams can only imagine that it breaks. This quick reference groups design failures into seven categories - loss of function, degraded function, intermittent failure, partial function, unintended function, over-function and hysteresis - each with typical examples and prompting questions, helping design teams think comprehensively.

模板包含什么What is inside

说明Instructions
七类失效速查Seven Failure Categories
DFMEA 填写要点DFMEA Filling Notes

解决什么问题What it solves

七类设计失效逐类配例，照句式提问即可展开Seven design failure categories with examples, expandable through the prompting questions
DFMEA 填写要点：结构、功能、失效、后果、原因DFMEA filling points: structure, function, failure, effect, cause
适合产品设计、系统工程师做设计评审Useful for design reviews led by product design and system engineers
可作为 DFMEA 培训的课堂练习材料Can serve as classroom exercise material in DFMEA training

配套文章：把这个模板用对Related reading

DFMEA 别只写“功能丧失”：AIAG-VDA 七种失效类别一次讲透Stop Writing Only “Loss of Function” in DFMEA: The Seven AIAG-VDA Failure Categories Explained

超过八成的 DFMEA 只写了“功能丧失”，而售后投诉里最多的恰恰是退化、间歇、过度和非预期。以电动车窗升降器为例，把 AIAG-VDA 七种失效类别逐个讲透，让每个功能都过一遍“七连问”。More than 80% of DFMEAs only cover “loss of function”, yet degradation, intermittent, excessive and unintended behaviour dominate warranty claims. Using a power window regulator as the example, this article walks through all seven AIAG-VDA failure categories, one by one.

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